Redgram (Cajanus cajan), also known as pigeon pea, is cultivated on approximately 4.5 million hectares, with annual production of 3.5–4 million tonnes. India is the largest producer and consumer of redgram globally.

Climate and Soil Requirements

• Climate: It requires a tropical to subtropical climate, rainfall of 600–1000 mm, and temperatures between 25°C–35°C. Drought-tolerant but sensitive to waterlogging.
• Soil: Grows well in well-drained loamy, sandy loam, or black cotton soils with a pH of 6.5–7.5.

Major Producing Areas

• Maharashtra
• Karnataka
• Andhra Pradesh
• Telangana
• Madhya Pradesh
• Uttar Pradesh

Cultivation Practices

• Land Preparation: Deep plowing followed by harrowing to ensure proper drainage and weed control.
• Sowing Time: Kharif season (June–July) is ideal; sometimes cultivated as a rabi crop in certain regions.
• Seed Rate and Spacing: Use 12–15 kg of seeds per hectare. Maintain a spacing of 60 cm × 20 cm for proper growth.
• Irrigation: Minimal irrigation is required; supplementary irrigation during prolonged drought enhances yield.

Fertilizers

• Basal Application: 12.5 -20 kg Nitrogen (N), 25-50 kg Phosphorus (P₂O₅), and 25 kg Potassium (K₂O)  + 10-20 kg S per hectare.
• Micronutrients: Zinc sulfate (25 kg/ha) in deficient soils.
• Biofertilizers: Seed treatment with Rhizobium and PSB cultures improves nitrogen fixation and phosphorus availability.

These practices ensure optimal growth and yield for redgram farming.