Custard apple (Annona squamosa), also known as sugar apple or cherimoya, is native to the tropical regions of the Americas. It was first cultivated in the ancient civilizations of Central and South America. The fruit spread to other tropical and subtropical regions, including India, where it has become a beloved fruit due to its sweet, creamy texture and flavor.

Global Area and Production

Custard apple is grown on approximately 50,000 hectares worldwide. Major producers include India, Brazil, Mexico, and parts of Southeast Asia. India is the leading producer of custard apples, contributing significantly to the global supply. The fruit's unique taste and nutritional benefits have increased its popularity in both domestic and international markets.

Uses of Custard Apple

• Culinary: Custard apples are enjoyed fresh and are often used in desserts, smoothies, and ice creams. The fruit's creamy texture and sweet flavor make it a popular choice for various sweet preparations.
• Nutritional Value: Custard apples are rich in vitamins (such as vitamin C and vitamin B6), minerals (like potassium and magnesium), and dietary fiber. They are known for their potential health benefits, including improving digestion and boosting the immune system.
• Medicinal Uses: Traditionally, custard apples have been used in various cultures for their medicinal properties. They are believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and are used in traditional remedies for digestive issues and skin health.

Custard Apple Cultivation in India

Major Growing Areas

In India, custard apples are cultivated mainly in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Maharashtra is the leading producer, benefiting from the state's suitable climate and soil conditions.

Climate Requirements

• Temperature: Custard apples thrive in a subtropical to tropical climate with temperatures ranging from 20-30°C. They require a warm climate to grow well and can tolerate some drought conditions.
• Rainfall: Custard apples need moderate rainfall, typically between 800-1,200 mm annually. Adequate moisture is essential for healthy fruit development, though the trees can withstand dry periods.

Soil Requirements

Custard apples grow best in well-drained, sandy loam or loamy soils rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH for custard apple cultivation is between 6.0 and 7.0. Good soil drainage is crucial to prevent root rot and ensure optimal plant health and fruit quality.