Protect Honeybees from Insecticides:
डाळिंब पिकातील जास्तीत जास्त उत्पादनाच्या दृष्टीकोनातुन अत्यंत महत्वाच्या असणा-या परागीभवनाच्या क्रियेत मधमाश्या मह्तवाचे योगदान देत असतात. परंतु डाळिंब पिकावर होत असलेल्या विविध किटकनाशकांच्या फवारणीतुन मधमाश्या वाचत नाही, त्यामुळे मधमाश्यांचे संगोपन करुन त्यांची संख्या वाढविण्याची गरज निर्माण झाली आहे. पुरातन किटकनाशकांसोबत, नविन युगातील किटकनाशक देखिल मधमाश्यांसाठी हानीकारक ठरत आहेत. खालिल तक्यात याबाबत माहीती दिलेली आहे, ह्या माहितीचा वापर करुन योग्य आणि कमी हानीकारक किटकनाशक वापरुन किड नियंत्रणासोबत मधमाश्यांना कमीत कमी हानी कशी पोहचेल याबाबत मार्गदर्शन जरुर मिळेल.
Pesticides
| Common name (ISO) (तांत्रिक नांव) | Pesticide Class (वर्गिकरण) | length of residual toxicity (पिकावर राहणारा प्रभाव) | Bee toxicity (मधमाशीसाठी नुकसान) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aldicarb | Carbamate | Relatively nontoxic | |
| Carbaryl | Carbamate | High risk to bees Foraging even 10 hours after spraying; 3 – 7 days (b) 8 hours @ 1.5 lb/acre (168 g/Ha) or less. | highly toxic |
| Carbofuran | Carbamate | 7 – 14 days | highly toxic |
| Methomyl | Carbamate | 2 hours + | highly toxic |
| Methiocarb | Carbamate | highly toxic | |
| mexacarbate | Carbamate | highly toxic | |
| Pirimicarb | Carbamate | Relatively nontoxic | |
| Propoxur | Carbamate | highly toxic | |
| Acephate | Organophosphate | 3 days | Moderately toxic |
| Azinphos-methyl | Organophosphate | 2.5 days | highly toxic |
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Coumaphos | Organophosphate | Relatively nontoxic | |
| Demeton | Organophosphate | <2 hours | highly toxic |
| Demeton-S-methyl | Organophosphate | Moderately toxic | |
| Diazinon | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Dicrotophos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Dichlorvos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Dimethoate | Organophosphate | 3 days | highly toxic |
| Fenthion | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Fenitrothion | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Fensulfothion | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Fonofos | Organophosphate | 3 hours | highly toxic |
| Malathion | Organophosphate | >8 fl oz/acre (58 L/km²) ⇒ 5.5 days | highly toxic |
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Methidathion | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Methyl parathion | Organophosphate | 5–8 days | highly toxic |
| Mevinphos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Monocrotophos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Naled | Organophosphate | 16 hours | highly toxic |
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Oxydemeton-methyl | Organophosphate | <2 hours | highly toxic |
| Phorate | Organophosphate | 5 hours | highly toxic |
| Phosmet | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Phosphamidon | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Pyrazophos | Organophosphate | fungicide | highly toxic |
| Tetrachlorvinphos | Organophosphate | highly toxic | |
| Trichlorfon , Metrifonate | Organophosphate | Relatively nontoxic | |
| Permethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | 1 – 2 days | highly toxic |
| Cypermethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Less than 2 hours | highly toxic |
| Fenvalerate | Synthetic pyrethroid | 1 day | highly toxic |
| Resmethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | highly toxic | |
| Methoxychlor | Chlorinated cyclodiene | 2 hours | highly toxic |
| Endosulfan | Chlorinated cyclodiene | 8 hours | moderately toxic |
| Clothianidin | Neonicotinoid | Highly Toxic | |
| Thiamethoxam | Neonicotinoid | Highly Toxic | |
| Imidacloprid | Neonicotinoid | highly toxic | |
| Dicofol | Acaricide | Relatively nontoxic | |
| Petroleum oils | Relatively nontoxic | ||
| 2,4-D | Synthetic auxin herbicide | Relatively nontoxic |
|
| Neem Oil | Natural Repellant | Relatively Low Toxic | |
| Horticultural Oil | Natural | Medium Toxic | |
| Soap | Low Toxic |